module+paper+2+preparation

__task 1. Reduce the "informality of the sentences" (10 points)__
points to remeber: change phrasal verbs into synonims (do this exercise to practice http://www.uefap.com/writing/exercise/feature/styleex4.htm) In general this means in an essay that you should avoid: a. colloquial words and expressions; " "stuff", "a lot of", "thing", "sort of", b. abbreviated forms: "can't", "doesn't", "shouldn't" c. two word verbs: "put off", "bring up" d. sub-headings, numbering and bullet-points in formal essays - but use them in reports. e. asking questions.

__task 2. Fill in the gaps with corresponding academic verb in a propper tense form (10 points)__
review the following verbs: account adjust affect assess coincide concern correspond deduce derive determine infer neglect observe obtain occur omit precede proceed suppose yield

__task 3. chose the correct option in the statements discribing the features of academic writing (8 points)__
review points: parts of the research paper: introduction/methods/resulst/discussion; what is included into each section and what tenses are mainly used what is paraphrase/summary punctuation rules

__task 4. Fill in 10 punctuation marks (all periods (крапки) are there) (5 points)__
again punctuation rules

__task 5. Fiil in the gaps with the most aprroprite linking words form the list (7 points)__
review the useage of the following words:

as well as conversely despite even though furthermore hence in addition let alone namely notwithsatnding otherwise owing to provided that regarding similarly therefore though whereas

__task 6. In your own words paraphrase the following paragraph in academic style (10 pionts)__
A paraphrase is a rewording of another writer's text, explanation, argument, or narrative. It is about the same length as the original, but is substantially different in wording and sentence structure.
 * // What Is a Paraphrase? //**

If your purpose is one of the following, you may wish to paraphrase a portion of a text:
 * // Why Paraphrase? //**
 * to make sure that you fully understand what the text says (for example, a poem or a Bible verse or a speech from a play by Shakespeare);
 * to discuss someone's argument or text directly;
 * to use as expert evidence for a point you are making in your own argumentative text;
 * to present an opposing point of view that you wish to refute.

How to Paraphrase a Text

 * Use __alternative wording__ to the author's throughout your paraphrase.
 * If you use the author's words to name important ideas, enclose his or her phrases in quotation marks.
 * Present the ideas of the original using __your own sentence structure__ as well as your own word choice. __Following the author's sentence structure, even if you use alternative wording, is considered plagiarizing.__ So, use active instead of passive, for example.
 * Cite your source, even if you do not use a direct quotation from the source.
 * When including a paraphrase in your text, introduce the topic in your own words, but make it clear that you are presenting someone else's ideas with wording like "H. H. Smith argues that . . ." or "According to medical researcher Donald Smith, . . ." or "Smith also claims that . . .".

__task 7. write a brief summary of the text (10 points)__
1. Include title and author in the first sentence of the paragraph.

2. Include main ideas.

3. Don’t assume that your reader has read the article.

4. Don’t include unnecessary details. (Don’t make your summary too long.)

5. Don’t be vague and repetitive. (Don’t just fill up space.)

6. Paraphrase correctly. Use your own words.

7. Use information from the article. Don’t include additional information.

Structure and Content of a Summary
IntroductionIn (title), author (author) discusses (topic).In (title), (author) explains the principles of (topic).(Title) offers a detailed and practical introduction to (topic).(Title) is a detailed account of (topic).(Title) is an essential guide to (topic).(Title) is a classic handbook on (topic).Content(Author) provides the reader with (details).(Title/Author) shows how to (details).(Author) begins by explaining how ...Then (author) ...Chapter (number) focuses on (details).The (number) chapters/sections of the book encourage (aim) through a series of steps: (steps/details) (story, article, poem, excerpt…) || • is about… • deals with… • presents… • describes… || (story, article, poem, excerpt…) || • the reader gets to know… • the reader is confronted with… • the reader is told about… || (the narrator) || • says, states, points out that… • claims, believes, thinks that… • describes, explains, makes clear that… • uses examples to confirm/prove that… • agrees/disagrees with the view/thesis… • contradicts the view <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">• criticises/analyses/ comments on… <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">• tries to express… <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">• argues that… <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">• suggests that… <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">• compares X to Y… <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">• emphasizes his thesis by saying that… <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">• doubts that… <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">• tries to convince the readers that… <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">• concludes that… || = GOOD LUCK!!!! =
 * Introduction - Give a brief overview.
 * Content - Tell the main points of the plot / content in your own words.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Useful Phrases for Summary Writing **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">The text **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">In the text **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">The author **