Jan+15.+Mod+1.+Les+1

= Home assignment = 1. Think over the topic of the research paper you are going to write during our course. 2. Choose some well known poem, a song (2-3 sentences is enough), or a proverb. The only condition is that it should be familiar to everyone. Change the text into academic language (long sentences, complex grammar structures, "long" words, etc.). You will read it in the class for others to guess the original. 3. Print out page pages 6-10 from for the next class

**Do I have a good academic writing style? ** Read each question and choose the best answer **for you**. Choose only one answer for each question.  **Q1. Which one of the following is closest to academic style** a) a novel b) a newspaper article c) an advertisement d) a letter from the bank **Q2. The best way to start an academic text is ** a) with a question b) with some new or surprising information c) with some background details d) with the topic of the text **Q3. The best way to keep your reader’s attention in an academic text is ** a) to write short sentences b) to give familiar information first and then new information c) to be friendly, e.g. as in an email <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;">d) to ask questions first and then give the answers, e.g. as in a conversation **<span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif';">Q4. The best order for ideas in an academic paragraph is ** <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;">a) from a general idea of the main point to specific details <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;">b) from specific details to a general idea of the main point <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;">c) the order in which I think of the ideas when I am writing <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;">d) no particular order as this does not matter **<span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif';">Q5. The best way to start a sentence in an academic text is ** <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;">a) with some information the reader knows already <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;">b) with some background details <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;">c) with some new or surprising information <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;">d) with a person or personal pronoun, e.g. //we can see// **<span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif';">Q6. The best kinds of words to use in academic writing are ** <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;">a) unusual words that a reader will notice and admire <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;">b) simple words, such as //big// and //important//, which are easy to understand <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;">c) words such as //reason// or //similarity// which show relationships between ideas <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;">d) special technical words which are specific to the subject I am studying

<span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif';">you can check your answers here
=<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif';">Academic writing should be = **<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT','sans-serif';">1. Analytic – concerned with real facts and details, rather than general aspects. ** //<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT','sans-serif';">1. There were a lot of students who enrolled at the university for the first semester. // //<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT','sans-serif';">2. In 2004 there were approximately 250 students who enrolled in the first semester at // //<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT','sans-serif';">James Cook University to undertake a Bachelor of Education //

**<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT','sans-serif';">2. ****<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT','sans-serif';">Objective – based on things which can be seen or measured, rather than on ** **<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT','sans-serif';">personal feelings. ** //<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT','sans-serif';">1. Statistics from Road Safety Australia show that male drivers accounted for 40% of // //<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT','sans-serif';">total traffic accidents in the North Queensland region in 2004 and female drivers // //<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT','sans-serif';">accounted for the remaining 60%. These figures suggest that male drivers are more // //<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT','sans-serif';">skilled in avoiding traffic accidents than female drivers. From this we can conclude // //<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT','sans-serif';">that. . . . // //<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT','sans-serif';">2. It is my honest opinion that men are better drivers than women. //

**<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT','sans-serif';">3. ****<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT','sans-serif';">Intellectual – based on an enlightened judgement of complex ideas and ** **<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT','sans-serif';">information, rather than an appeal to emotions. ** //<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT','sans-serif';">1. Thus, based on personality theory as developed by Mr I. M Sure, it is quite clear // //<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT','sans-serif';">that personality is a product of both genetic and environmental influence. // //<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT','sans-serif';">2. Thus, differences in personality can obviously be attributed to genetic influence. I // //<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT','sans-serif';">am sure that all of us have recognised similar personality traits in ourselves and our // //<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT','sans-serif';">parents. If we would but look at our own circumstances, frustrating though these may // //<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT','sans-serif';">appear at times, would we not be able to conclude for ourselves that personality is // //<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT','sans-serif';">actually the product of genetic transfer? //

**<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT','sans-serif';">4. ****<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT','sans-serif';">Rational – using clear thinking to make decisions and judgements based on ** **<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT','sans-serif';">reason, rather than passionate arguments against a doctrine or belief. ** //<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT','sans-serif';">1. The potential for abuse of the proposed voluntary euthanasia legislation, quite // //<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT','sans-serif';">clearly necessitates that every state in Australia reject the proposal outright. // //<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT','sans-serif';">2. The pain that legalising euthanasia would bring to unwitting victims of such // //<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT','sans-serif';">legislation far outweighs the pain of any terminal illness and thus such legislation // //<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT','sans-serif';">should be rejected immediately. //

**<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 21.3333px;">Task One ** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> Analyse the following two extracts in terms of style. Which one has a formal, <span style="display: block; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> academic style? Identify the features of acceptable and unacceptable academic style <span style="display: block; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> used in the extracts. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;">settlement in Australia in 1788. Melanesians from New Guinea and the islands of <span style="display: block; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> Torres Strait are known to have visited the northern shores, especially Cape York <span style="display: block; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> Peninsula. The Indonesians frequently visited Arnhem Land and the northwest of <span style="display: block; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> Western Australia to collect pearl and tortoise shell. As early as 1803, Matthew <span style="display: block; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> Flinders documented the size and frequency of Indonesian expeditions. He made <span style="display: block; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> contact with several ships while he was charting the coast of the Gulf of <span style="display: block; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> Carpentaria. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;">too much about how many Aborigines there were at the time but everyone says <span style="display: block; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> there must have been around 300 000 altogether. They say they came here 40 000 <span style="display: block; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> years ago when Java was joined to Asia and then they island hopped to New <span style="display: block; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> Guinea and then on to Australia. Anyway, when the Europeans came the <span style="display: block; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> Aborigines were split up into about 500 tribes. About a third of them lived in <span style="display: block; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> Queensland, probably along the coast. It looks like only about 18 000 lived in the <span style="display: block; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> central deserts of SA and WA.
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif';">Contact with neighbouring people must have been limited prior to European
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif';">I think the first Europeans came to live in Australia around 1788. I don’t know

**<span style="font-family: 'Times-Bold','sans-serif'; font-size: 21.3333px;">Task Two ** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times-Roman','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> The following paragraph is an introductory paragraph to a short essay about the <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times-Roman','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> quality of life. It is written in an informal style. Your task is to rewrite the paragraph <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times-Roman','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> in a more formal (i.e. academic) style and correct any grammatical errors. These are <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times-Roman','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> the things you should think about: <span style="display: block; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;">replace these underlined words and phrases with more ‘formal’ vocabulary <span style="display: block; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> from the box below: **<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif';">improving ** **<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif';">considering ** **<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif';">possessions ** **<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif';">inhabitants’ ** **<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif';">infrastructure ignore ** **<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif';">is inevitable aspect ** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> You are encouraged to discuss the paragraph with other people before and while you <span style="display: block; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> are re-writing it, as this is not a ‘test’. <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif';">When you have the really great experience of living in other countries,you can see how different the __people who live there’s__ values and livesare from yours. In some countries people base their quality of life onthe amount of material goods they’ve got, most individuals in thesecountries base their welfare on the accumulation of money, goods andservices. I would say definitely that __roads, electricity etc__, technologyand material progress have brought a higher standard of living to thesepeople. But in other countries material __things__ play a quite a bit of asmaller role in the quality of life. People in these countries maybejudge that their traditions and folklore, education and social relationsare the most important things in their lives. Development __can’t be__ __<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif';">avoided __<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif';"> in every country, but as we develop we’ve got to rememberthat the quality of life of individuals has two sides. When we talkabout __making better__ a country’s quality of life, we should considerindividuals living comfortably and fulfilling both material and spiritualneeds and it’s a mistake to look only at the material side and __to take no__ __<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif';">notice of __<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif';"> the spiritual __side__ when __thinking about__ quality of life I think. <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 10.6667px;">Adapted from Smalzer, W. (1996) //<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 10.6667px;">Write to be read //<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 10.6667px;">, Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press || =**<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Formality **= <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;">In general this means in an essay that you should avoid: <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">a. colloquial words and expressions; " <span class="example" style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">"stuff", "a lot of", "thing", "sort of",  <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">b. abbreviated forms: <span class="example" style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">"can't", "doesn't", "shouldn't"   <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">c. two word verbs: <span class="example" style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">"put off", "bring up"  <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> d. sub-headings, numbering and bullet-points in formal essays - but use them in reports. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> e. asking questions. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> f. personal pronouns I and WE
 * <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif';">changing from personal and specific to impersonal and general
 * <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif';">sentence length
 * <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif';">contractions
 * <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif';">use of qualification
 * <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif';">choice of vocabulary. Some words and phrases are underlined. Try to
 * **<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT','sans-serif';">What’s quality of life? **

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> **Exercise. Avoidong informal language** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> Identify the informal expressions in the following sentences. Rewrite the following sentences, replacing the informal expressions with a more formal equivalent. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 1. With women especially, there is a lot of social pressure to conform to a certain physical shape. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 2. Significantly, even at this late date, Lautrec was considered a bit conservative by his peers. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 3. It focused on a subject that a lot of the bourgeois and upper-class exhibition-going public regarded as anti-social and anti-establishment. Answers

media type="custom" key="21926082" **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Exercise ****<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">. ****<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Avoiding two word verbs ** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> There is often a choice in English between a two word verb and a single verb - bring up/raise, set up/establish.Rewrite the following sentences, replacing the //informal two-word verb// with a more formal equivalent.

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 1. A primary education system was //set up// throughout Ireland as early as 1831 <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 2. This will //cut down// the amount of drug required and so the cost of treatment. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 3. The material amenities of life have //gone up// in Western society. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 4. The press reflected the living culture of the people; it could influence opinion and reinforce existing attitudes but it did not //come up with// new forms of entertainment. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 5. Thus, he should have //looked into// how the patient has coped previously. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 6. The aggregate of outstanding balances //went up and down// quite violently. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 7. In 1947 the Treasury //brought up// the question of excluding South Africa (and India) from the sterling area. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 8. Dieters often feel that they should totally //get rid of// high-fat and high-sugar foods. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 9. Thus when a Gallic bishop in 576 converted the local Jewish community to Christianity, those who //turned down// baptism were expelled from the city. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 10. Western scholars gradually //turned out// a corpus of translations from the Arabic and studies of Islam. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 11. Ms Tucker, Lord White's 29-year-old companion, has since //taken// her statement //back//. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 12. Discussion of the outcome of experiments that have used this method will be //put off// until Chapter 7. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 13. They did not easily accept or //put up with// differences in others. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 14. My high-school friend signed up for three years with the army so he could //put away// enough money to go to university and study law. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 15. The solitary feeding of insectivores in forests was therefore //put down// to a foraging strategy involving the pursuit of cryptic and easily disturbed prey by singletons. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 16. In style, the turn toward abstraction and simplification //came about// earliest with Anquetin and Bernard and next with van Gogh. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 17. For Klein that cloudless day never arrived, but he never //gave up// his hope for a just world. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 18. Eventually the Irish party was forced to //go back// to Westminster. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 19. The court thinks it just and equitable to //give back// the property. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 20. The English liked coal fires even though they do not always //give off// much heat. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 21. The story told by German propaganda, however, //gave away// nothing of the mounting hopelessness of the 6th Army's position. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 22. These exercises can easily be incorporated into an exercise routine, with each //done again// a number of times. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 23. Marx took as one of his main tasks the understanding of how this system came into being and this was in order to //find out// why this system had such power. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 24. This was before he had read the guidelines on how to //carry out// the research. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; text-align: justify;"> 25. Still, the pressure t//o do// well as an individual made most women believe that the problems they encountered were probably of their own making. Answers